Artificial intelligence is moving into a new phase of maturity. Between 2020 and 2024, the technology sector was dominated by massive Large Language Models (LLMs) that demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in content generation, reasoning, coding, and conversational interaction. These systems transformed public awareness of AI and accelerated investment across nearly every sector of the economy. However, the rapid expansion of frontier AI models also exposed important

The global system is shifting toward a multipolar world, where economic and political influence is distributed among several major centres of power such as the United States, China, the European Union, India, and other emerging regional actors. For small trading economies, this shift is highly consequential. Unlike large countries that can shape global rules, smaller states must adapt to a landscape characterised by competing alliances, shifting trade blocs, and increasing